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	No need to understand how "helpers" made, just understand what they do.

	

Usefulness of prototype tree

Check these propositions: Object.prototype is a root of prototype tree. Prototype tree is a "dual" or "ghost" tree attached to all objects. Visually it has a very interesting view. Let's recall an Exercise 2. // Exercise 2: var x = { xx : 'XX' }; var y = Object.create( x ); y.yy = 'YY'; x = Object.create( y ); // x ... y ... o --- xx --- XX // ... Object // --- 'YY' //Here we denote "visible" edges of tree with "---" and "invisible" as "...". //We denoted "overriden" version of `x` as `o` because this object no longer has name in JS.